It depends on what system you are using, but if you click here you can get a full over view of the origin of the word 'booting', and if you look through the contents on the left you will find different devices and techniques for booting, which should answer your question. For more information you can put the key words 'booting techniques' in a search engine and explore the results that come up.
Various booting techniques are as follows:
1. Simple Booting
2.Half Booting
3.Full Booting
4.Hard booting
5.Soft Booting
1. Simple Booting
2.Half Booting
3.Full Booting
4.Hard booting
5.Soft Booting
Normal
Diagnostic
Selective
Switching the pc on or off