It might depend on your phone and what operating system it's running - as things might be laid out differently or titled differently.. But as far as I can tell, this isn't possible on iPhones.
What you can see if you look at your call history is a little phone icon with an arrow pointing outwards to denote an outbound call, and the arrow points inwards for an inbound call.
But I can't see an option for dividing them neatly into two separate lists; only the option to view "missed" calls separately.
I'm pretty sure your mobile network operator stores that kind of data though, so why not ask them for some assistance?
