There are a number of environmental problems that can be caused when it comes to drilling, mining and processing :
- Surface mining can cause roadway dust, and this can seriously affect the air nearby, meaning it is vital to wear protective masks to assist. These masks will prevent dangerous dusts from being inhaled.
- Underground mining can also affect the quality of the air and an example of this is called "Black damp". This is when the levels of oxygen drop quickly in underground mines. Toxic vapors can also be dispersed during mining processes, and this affects the quality of the air. The mining process can also affect the soil and the water resources through scarring and erosion. Drainage of mines can lead to water contamination and should be carefully controlled at all times. The soils can be contaminated by heavy metals.
- A common problem when drilling or mining, is called Acid Mine Drainage. This is when the water and the air mix with sulfur, that is present in the ground to create acids. This is a major problem as the water becomes contaminated and this is nearly impossible to reverse.
- Processing chemicals can be extremely hazardous to the water supply, if they are allowed to leak into the ground. These chemicals include cyanide and sulfuric acid and these can be highly toxic and can affect humans as well as the wildlife.
- Another common problem is Erosion. This occurs, when there is not enough prevention or control, and exposed earth can carry dangerous sediments into water sources that are nearby. Too much sediment can cause devastating effects to wildlife, and vegetation.